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Difference between revisions of "Elevators"
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[[File:elevator.jpg|thumb|200px|right|elevator]] | [[File:elevator.jpg|thumb|200px|right|elevator]] | ||
An '''elevator''' is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structures. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack. | |||
In agriculture and manufacturing, an elevator is any type of conveyor device used to lift materials in a continuous stream into [[bins]] or [[silos]]. | |||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
* [[Belt Bucket Elevators]] | * [[Belt Bucket Elevators]] | ||
* [[Belt Elevators]] | * [[Belt Elevators]] | ||
* [[Bucket Elevators]] | * [[Bucket Elevators]] | ||
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* [[Covered Bucket Elevators]] | * [[Covered Bucket Elevators]] | ||
* [[Dish Elevators]] | * [[Dish Elevators]] | ||
* [[Dust Tight Elevators]] | * [[Dust Tight Elevators]] | ||
* [[Elevator Buckets]] | * [[Elevator Buckets]] | ||
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* [[Gas Tight Elevators]] | * [[Gas Tight Elevators]] | ||
* [[Heavy Load Pallet Elevators]] | * [[Heavy Load Pallet Elevators]] | ||
* [[Horizontal Elevators]] | * [[Horizontal Elevators]] | ||
* [[Mobile Screw Elevators]] | * [[Mobile Screw Elevators]] | ||
* [[Pendulum Bucket Elevators]] | * [[Pendulum Bucket Elevators]] | ||
* [[Reciprocating Elevators]] | * [[Reciprocating Elevators]] | ||
* [[Screw Elevators]] | * [[Screw Elevators]] | ||
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Primitive elevators were in use as early as the 3rd century BC, operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. In 1743, a counter-weighted, man-powered, personal elevator was built for King Luis XV connecting his apartment in Versailles with that of his mistress, Madame de Chateauroux, whose quarters were one floor above King Luis. | Primitive elevators were in use as early as the 3rd century BC, operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. In 1743, a counter-weighted, man-powered, personal elevator was built for King Luis XV connecting his apartment in Versailles with that of his mistress, Madame de Chateauroux, whose quarters were one floor above King Luis. | ||
===19th Century Elevators=== | |||
From about the middle of the 19th century, elevators were powered, often steam-operated, and were used for conveying materials in factories, mines, and warehouses. | From about the middle of the 19th century, elevators were powered, often steam-operated, and were used for conveying materials in factories, mines, and warehouses. | ||
In 1823, two architects Burton and Hormer built an "ascending room" as they called it, this crude elevator was used to lift paying tourists to a platform for a panorama view of London. In 1835, architects Frost and Stutt built the "Teagle", a belt-driven, counter-weighted, and steam-driven lift was developed in England. | In 1823, two architects Burton and Hormer built an "ascending room" as they called it, this crude elevator was used to lift paying tourists to a platform for a panorama view of London. In 1835, architects Frost and Stutt built the "Teagle", a belt-driven, counter-weighted, and steam-driven lift was developed in England. | ||
===Hydraulic Crane=== | |||
In 1846, Sir William Armstrong introduced the hydraulic crane, and in the early 1870s, hydraulic machines began to replace the steam-powered elevator. The hydraulic elevator is supported by a heavy piston, moving in a cylinder, and operated by the water (or oil) pressure produced by pumps. | In 1846, Sir William Armstrong introduced the hydraulic crane, and in the early 1870s, hydraulic machines began to replace the steam-powered elevator. The hydraulic elevator is supported by a heavy piston, moving in a cylinder, and operated by the water (or oil) pressure produced by pumps. | ||
===Elisha Otis=== | |||
In 1853, American inventor Elisha Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable should break. This increased public confidence in such devices. In 1853, Elisha Otis established a company for manufacturing elevators and patented (1861) a steam elevator. While, Elisha Graves Otis did not actually invent the first elevator, he did invent the brake used in modern elevators, and his brakes made skyscrapers a practical reality. | In 1853, American inventor Elisha Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable should break. This increased public confidence in such devices. In 1853, Elisha Otis established a company for manufacturing elevators and patented (1861) a steam elevator. While, Elisha Graves Otis did not actually invent the first elevator, he did invent the brake used in modern elevators, and his brakes made skyscrapers a practical reality. | ||
In 1857, Elisha Otis and the Otis Elevator Company began manufacturing passenger elevators. A steam-powered passenger elevator was installed by the Otis Brothers in a five-story department store owned by E.W Haughtwhat & Company of Manhattan. It was the first public elevator. | In 1857, Elisha Otis and the Otis Elevator Company began manufacturing passenger elevators. A steam-powered passenger elevator was installed by the Otis Brothers in a five-story department store owned by E.W Haughtwhat & Company of Manhattan. It was the first public elevator. | ||
===Electric Elevators=== | |||
Electric elevators came into to use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880. | Electric elevators came into to use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880. | ||
Black inventor, Alexander Miles patented an electric elevator (U.S. pat#371,207) on October 11, 1887. | Black inventor, Alexander Miles patented an electric elevator (U.S. pat#371,207) on October 11, 1887. | ||
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==Videos== | ==Videos== | ||
<youtube>17qjUcR7-fI</youtube> | <youtube>17qjUcR7-fI</youtube> | ||
<youtube>Oyzma6bOsg</youtube> | <youtube>Oyzma6bOsg</youtube> | ||