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[[File:Ph-meter.gif|thumb|right|PH Meters]] | |||
[[File:PH Meter1.jpg|thumb|right|PH Meters]] | |||
'''PH Meter''' is an electronic device used for measuring the pH,acidity or | |||
alkalinity of a liquid ,though special probes are sometimes used to measure the pH of semi-solid substances. A typical pH meter consists of a special measuring probe ,a glass electrode connected to an electronic meter that measures and displays the pH reading. | |||
The pH probe measures pH as the activity of the hydrogen cations surrounding a thin-walled glass bulb at its tip. The probe produces a small voltage | |||
that is measured and displayed as pH units by the meter. | |||
==Calibration and use== | |||
For very precise work the pH meter should be calibrated before each measurement. For normal use calibration should be performed at the beginning of each day. The reason for this is that the glass electrode does not give a reproducible e.m.f. over longer periods of time. Calibration should be performed with at least two standard buffer solutions that span the range of pH values to be measured. For general purposes buffers at pH 4 and pH 10 are acceptable. The pH meter has one control to set the meter reading equal to the value of the first standard buffer and a second control which is used to adjust the meter reading to the value of the second buffer. A third control allows the temperature to be set. Standard buffer sachets, which can be obtained from a variety of suppliers, usually state how the buffer value changes with temperature. For more precise measurements, a three buffer solution calibration is preferred. As pH 7 is essentially, a zero point calibration , calibrating at pH 7 first, calibrating at the pH closest to the point of interest second and checking the third point will provide a more linear accuracy to what is essentially a non-linear problem. Some meters will allow a three point calibration and that is the preferred scheme for the most accurate work. Higher quality meters will have a provision to account for temperature coefficient correction, and high-end pH probes have temperature probes built in. The calibration process correlates the voltage produced by the probe with the pH scale. After each single measurement, the probe is rinsed with distilled water or deionized water to remove any traces of the solution being measured, blotted with a scientific wipe to absorb any remaining water which could dilute the sample and thus alter the reading, and then quickly immersed in another solution. | |||
==Types of pH meters== | |||
PH meters range from simple and inexpensive pen-like devices to complex and expensive laboratory instruments with computer interfaces and several inputs for indicator and temperature measurements to be entered to adjust for the | |||
slight variation in pH caused by temperature. Specialty meters and probes are available for use in special applications, harsh environments, etc. | |||
==Sources== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_meter Wikipedia PH meter] | |||